RAM is short for Random Access Memory, and comes from hardware components wired into or attached to the motherboard, the main circuit board of your computer. RAM is used to run certain basic programs and functions that your computer needs to operate correctly, and functions only while the computer is receiving power. Programs you're using are written in RAM temporarily while the computer is processing them. Think of RAM as a playing field, a large open area where your programs function. Each program takes up a certain amount of space; the field can accommodate one or several different programs at one time, but its capacity is limited. When you shut down a program, it disappears from RAM and (ideally) the space it occupied can be reused. Sometimes some operating systems, including Microsoft Windows, won't relinquish the RAM space even when a program is closed. However, because stuff in the RAM is retained only while the computer is powered up, turning it off will always clear the RAM.
ROM = Read Only Memory is a type of unchangeable memory residing in chips on your motherboard. ROM contains the bare minimum of instructions needed to start your computer. Because it's used for critical functions, it can't be removed short of ripping it out of the motherboard; adding to it is just as difficult. Think of it as analogous to municipal utilities, such as gas and electricity. If you want a different configuration, you'll have to "move on" to a different motherboard or computer. Incidentally, the term "ROM" is also used, not entirely correctly, when referring to some kinds of storage media that can't be modified, such as CD-ROMs.
A bus, in computer terms, is simply a channel over which information flows between two or more devices (technically, a bus with only two devices on it is considered by some a "port" instead of a bus). A bus normally has access points, or places into which a device can tap to become part of the bus, and devices on the bus can send to, and receive information from, other devices. The bus concept is rather common, both inside the PC and outside in the real world as well. In fact, your home telephone wiring is a bus: information flows through the wiring that goes through your house, and you can tap into the "bus" by installing a phone jack, plugging in the phone and picking it up. All the phones can share the "information" (voice) on the bus.
Input und Output- Peripheral : Das ist hardware, die Ein und Ausgabe an deinem PC ausgibt/entgegen nimmnt
LAN. Local Area Network = bezeichnet einen Verbund von Rechnern z.B. innerhalb eines Firmengebäudes, der nicht mit der Außenwelt verbunden ist.
WAN: Wide area network = bezeichnet ein Netzwerk, dessen Endgeräte meist über große Entfernungen miteinander verbunden sind
Intranet: intra - nach innen gerichtet. Ein in sich geschlossenes Netzwerk / Benutzerkreis. Meist ein Firmen-Intranet, das Mitarbeitern den Zugriff auf Unternehmensdaten ermöglicht. Es verbessert somit das vernetzte Arbeiten im Team und gleichzeitig die interne Kommunikation.
Internet: Auch Netz oder Web genannt. Weltweit verstreute Computer (Web-Server) die untereinder über TCP/IP verbunden sind, bilden die technische Basis für Dienste wie das
- WWW (World Wide Web) zum Austausch digitaler Dokumente (Hypertext) - auch umgangssprachlich als "Internet" bezeichnet (Erfinder Tim Berners-Lee),
- E-Mail (elektronische Post),
- News (Diskussionsgruppen / Newsgroups / "Schwarze Bretter"),
- Chats( IRC),
- FTP (File Transfer Protokoll - Zugriff auf Datenarchive)
- Telnet (Terminal-Verbindung mit anderen Computern)
- dazu weitere, weniger bekannte Dienste wie Gopher (eine Art Vorläufer des WWW), finger (Anfragen zu Personen) sowie viele mehr technische Diensten wie z.B. NTP (Zeitsynchronisation)
Hoffe das reicht
Gruß
